Publicações Científicas J-P-E

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    Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence and the Law
    (Springer, 2023-12) Antunes, Henrique Sousa; Freitas, Pedro Miguel; Oliveira, Arlindo; Pereira, Clara Martins; Sequeira, Elsa Vaz de; Xavier, Luís Barreto; Ribeiro, Beatriz A.; Coelho, Helder; Pereira, Ana Elisabete Farinha Ferreira e Dias; Branquinho, João
    This book is the outcome of a collaborative effort. Five years ago, research group “Law and Artificial Intelligence”—hosted by the Católica Research Centre for the Future of Law (Universidade Católica Portuguesa—UCP, Lisbon, Portugal) and led by Henrique Sousa Antunes (UCP) and Arlindo Oliveira (Instituto Superior Técnico—IST)—started an ongoing scientific dialogue among scholars with diverse backgrounds and interests: law, computer science, neurosciences, and ethics. Since then, AI has further increased its role as the main driver of the contemporary digital transformation. As it continues to grow into an omnipresent set of general-purpose technologies, new questions need addressing. Among them, there are many outstanding technical, societal, ethical, legal, and regulatory questions, but rather than trying to focus on just one set of queries, this book is an attempt at understanding a broad number of problems from a distinctive multidisciplinary lens. Some of the contributors to this book are members of the “Law and Artificial Intelligence” research group. Others are prominent researchers who have been invited to share their unique views on these topics. Others still have been selected to contribute to this project through a peer-review process, following a dedicated Call for Articles. Section I addresses “Scientific, technological and societal achievements in Artificial Intelligence,” but rather than gathering articles from a strictly engineering point of view, it approaches technical questions that also touch upon an array of societal, legal, and ethical issues. In Section II, “Ethical and legal challenges in Artificial Intelligence,” the authors highlight the multiple risks emerging from the deployment of AI and attempt to search for answers at the intersection of law and ethics. Finally, Section III, “The law, governance and regulation of Artificial Intelligence,” discusses solutions for regulating AI, with a particular focus on recent European Union initiatives in this field.
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    Between Portugal and Brazil: dignified death, legislative evolution and future perspectives
    (International Journal of Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Education, 2024-11) Pereira, Ana Elisabete Farinha Ferreira e Dias; Braga, Thiago Melim
    The purpose of this work is to verify how dignified death can be analyzed in the constitutional reality of Portugal and Brazil, aiming to delimit - contextually - each of the realities. In short, the question, duly problematized, is how the relationship between the two countries can contribute to the debate and development of the themes of euthanasia, orthothanasia and assisted suicide, as well as the decriminalization of the conduct typified in the legislation. To achieve this, the topic is introduced by analyzing dignified life and autonomy, seeking to understand whether for dignity in and of the "individual", we speak of technical-mechanical life or dignified life. It also aims to conceptualize what is meant by dignified death and its practices. The study also aims to verify the Portuguese legislative reality and, on the other hand, how criminalization of criminal types related to life and death occurs in Brazilian society, using legislative (in)evolution, identifying one of the main problems, which is the sacralization of life in contrast to secularity. It is therefore a descriptive and exploratory study of a bibliographical and documentary nature. The research provides and clarifies, through the bibliographic data obtained, the reality of the taboo when dealing with the subject of death, especially death considered and contextualized as dignified. It concludes that there is no absolute right, not even one dedicated to life, and that it is necessary to confront the issues related to dignified death - euthanasia, assisted suicide and orthothanasia - and that each of these issues should be analyzed based on a careful verification of elements or requirements, as well as through a dichotomy between different realities, as is the case in Portugal and Brazil, in order to promote debate and overcome issues such as the slippery slope.
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    Moralidade Humana, Moralidade Maquinal: a programming machine ethics como problema jurídico
    (Universidade Lusófona do Porto, 2021-02-08) Pereira, Ana Elisabete Farinha Ferreira e Dias
    O presente artigo principia com uma contextualização da decisão artificial e dos âmbitos de atuação de softwares e máquinas autónomas, considerando subjacente a necessidade de estabelecer padrões ético-jurídicos de programação. O problema fundamental do texto prende-se com a constatação da raiz biológica da moralidade humana e a (im)possibilidade de a mimetizar. Com efeito, um olhar antropológico profundo sobre a origem da compaixão e os processos de domesticação do homem pelo homem permitem constatar uma moralidade inata e um substrato também biológico da construção de padrões morais de conduta. Nesta senda, os processos de programação que acontecem num universo prostético e «in silico» estão longe de configurar uma autêntica programação valorativa. Tornar a decisão artificial mais adequada implicará formalizar o designado empoderamento ético e a motivação intrínseca dos autómatos, através de uma arquitetura ético-jurídica principialista.
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    Barreiras e Impulsionadores da Relação entre Diversidade de Gênero e Inovação nas Organizações
    (International Journal of Innovation, 2025-04-10) Monteiro, Adriana Kirley Santiago; Lima, Fabiana dos Santos; Mesquita, Rafael Fernandes de; Filho, Eulálio Gomes Campelo; Matos, Fátima Regina Ney
    Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre diversidade de gênero e inovação nas organizações, ao explorar suas barreiras e impulsionadores. Abordagem metodológica: Foi realizada uma investigação qualitativa exploratória, iniciando com uma revisão bibliográfica e análise temática das publicações relevantes, localizadas na base de dados Web of Science (WoS). A identificação das barreiras e impulsionadores, associada à análise de sua influência e manifestação dentro do contexto organizacional, foi demonstrada através da identificação de tópicos emergentes obtidos por meio da revisão e dos elementos destacados na literatura, os quais foram integrados para formar um mapa temático. Originalidade/Relevância: Este trabalho contribui ao explorar como a diversidade de gênero se relaciona à inovação. Além disso, destaca-se a importância de estratégias gerenciais e políticas públicas para promover a igualdade de gênero e estimular a criatividade organizacional. Principais Resultados: Os resultados indicaram que organizações com maior diversidade de gênero tendem a ser mais inovadoras. A identificação das barreiras e impulsionadores contribuiu para nortear a elaboração de um mapa temático que orienta estratégias para favorecer a inovação nas empresas. Contribuições Teóricas: Este estudo contribuiu para a teoria organizacional ao interpretar a relação entre diversidade de gênero e inovação. Além disso, destacou a necessidade de políticas inclusivas e práticas gerenciais que promovam a igualdade de oportunidades. Contribuições Gerenciais: As descobertas tiveram implicações práticas para gestores e formuladores de políticas. Recomendou-se a implementação de políticas de igualdade de gênero e a promoção de um ambiente de trabalho inclusivo para maximizar o potencial inovador das organizações. | Purpose: To analyze the relationship between gender diversity and innovation in organizations by exploring its barriers and drivers. Methodological Approach: An exploratory qualitative investigation commenced with a literature review and thematic analysis of relevant publications located in the Web of Science (WoS) database. The identification of barriers and drivers, associated with the analysis of their influence and manifestation within the organizational context, was demonstrated through the identification of emerging topics obtained through the review and the elements highlighted in the literature, which were integrated to form a thematic map. Originality/Relevance: This work contributes by exploring how gender diversity relates to innovation. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of managerial strategies and public policies to promote gender equality and stimulate organizational creativity. Main Results: The results indicate that organizations with greater gender diversity tend to be more innovative. The identification of barriers and drivers contributed to guiding the development of a thematic map that orients strategies to foster innovation in companies. Theoretical Contributions: This study contributes to organizational theory by interpreting the relationship between gender diversity and innovation. In addition, it highlights the need for inclusive policies and management practices that promote equal opportunities. Managerial Contributions: The findings have practical implications for managers and policymakers. The implementation of gender equality policies and the promotion of an inclusive work environment to maximize the innovative potential of organizations are recommended. | Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la diversidad de género y la innovación en las organizaciones, explorando sus barreras y factores impulsores. Enfoque metodológico: Se realizó una investigación cualitativa exploratoria, comenzando con una revisión bibliográfica y un análisis temático de las publicaciones relevantes encontradas en la base de datos Web of Science (WoS). La identificación de barreras y drivers, asociados al análisis de su influencia y manifestación dentro del contexto organizacional, se demostró a través de la identificación de temas emergentes obtenidos a través de la revisión y elementos destacados en la literatura, los cuales se integraron para formar un mapa temático. Originalidad/Relevancia: Este trabajo contribuye explorando cómo la diversidad de género se relaciona con la innovación. Además, se destaca la importancia de las estrategias de gestión y políticas públicas para promover la igualdad de género y estimular la creatividad organizacional. Principales Resultados: Los resultados indicaron que las organizaciones con mayor diversidad de género tienden a ser más innovadoras. La identificación de barreras y drivers contribuyó a orientar la creación de un mapa temático que orienta estrategias para promover la innovación en las empresas. Contribuciones teóricas: Este estudio contribuyó a la teoría organizacional al interpretar la relación entre diversidad de género e innovación. Además, destacó la necesidad de políticas inclusivas y prácticas de gestión que promuevan la igualdad de oportunidades. Contribuciones gerenciales: Los hallazgos tuvieron implicaciones prácticas para gerentes y formuladores de políticas. Se recomendó implementar políticas de igualdad de género y promover un ambiente de trabajo inclusivo para maximizar el potencial innovador de las organizaciones.
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    Transforming Online Retail: the impact of augmented and virtual reality on consumer engagement and experience in e-commerce in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
    (Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review, 2025-02-18) Cunha, Maria Nascimento
    Purpose: This study aims to understand how these technologies enhance consumer experiences. The study also explores the role of AR and VR in promoting responsible consumption and sustainable production (SDG 12), reducing waste through better product visualization, and fostering digital inclusivity (SDG 9). Design/Method/Approach: The methodologies analyzed include experimental designs, market analyses, and conceptual frameworks assessing the integration of AR and VR technologies in online retail. Findings: The findings indicate that AR enhances online shopping through features such as virtual try-ons and spatial placement visualization, reducing return rates and increasing purchase confidence. Theoretical Implications: This study contributes to consumer behavior research by applying value perception models, immersive technology frameworks, and engagement metrics to the e-commerce landscape. Practical Implications: The research underscores the strategic importance of integrating AR and VR into digital marketing and e-commerce platforms. It suggests leveraging AR for product categories requiring spatial interaction and VR for high-detail product exploration. The study provides actionable insights for businesses looking to enhance online shopping experiences through immersive technologies while aligning with SDG objectives. Originality/Value: This study offers a comprehensive synthesis of AR and VR applications in e-commerce, highlighting their potential to reshape online shopping. Research Limitations/Future Research: Future research should explore the long-term effects of AR and VR adoption on consumer trust, loyalty, and behavioral changes and also examine the role of these technologies in achieving SDG targets related to responsible consumption and production (SDG 12) and industry innovation (SDG 9).