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- ItemHumanidades Digitais e Ensino da História: o projeto 25AprilPTLab(Instituto de Educação da Universidade Minho, 2022-12-30) Marie, Pierre; Réquio, Pedro; Laranjeiro, DionisiaO presente artigo tem como propósito apresentar o projeto 25AprilPTLab, que visa criar uma plataforma online com conteúdos dedicados à história contemporânea portuguesa, mais particularmente a compreendida de 1958 a 1982. O artigo plasma os processos iniciais desenvolvidos no âmbito do projeto, nomeadamente os inquéritos realizados a professores com o intuito de apurar as suas dificuldades no lecionar das temáticas ligadas ao período supracitado, de que tipo de suportes necessitam e em que medida a plataforma se compromete a responder a estas problemáticas. Em simultâneo, o artigo almeja valorizar novos métodos de ensino, pesquisa e assimilação do saber histórico, articulando-os com os desafios propostos pela atualidade.
- ItemA Literacia Financeira: uma revisão da literatura(ISCET, 2021) Tavares, Fernando Oliveira; Almeida, Luís GomesEste artigo tem como objetivo fazer uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema da literacia financeira e perceber quais as linhas de investigação e itens de avaliação referidos nos estudos internacionais sobre o assunto. No início do artigo são compilados os estudos relacionados com a definição de literacia financeira, fazendo a sua distinção para com a educação financeira e com a alfabetização financeira. Posteriormente são referenciados estudos sobre a importância da literacia financeira e o seu impacto nas decisões económico-financeiras das famílias e na melhoria da sua segurança económica e bem-estar financeiro. Finalmente, são apresentados e analisados os itens estudados na literacia financeira. Claramente constata-se que as pessoas com um nível de literacia mais elevada tomam melhores decisões para as suas famílias a nível financeiro e que a ignorância financeira carrega custos significativos. Conclui-se que os países devem implementar medidas para apoiar a formação dos povos a fim de haver uma melhoria na sua literacia financeira. | The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on the topic of financial literacy and to understand which investigation lines and evaluation items are referred to in international studies on the subject. At the article’s beginning, the studies related to the definition of financial literacy are compiled, and a distinction between financial education and financial alphabetization is performed. Posteriorly, studies on the importance of financial literacy and its impact on families’ economic and financial decisions and on improving their economic security and financial well-being are referenced. Finally, the items on financial literacy which were studied are presented and analysed. It is clear that people with a higher literacy level make better financial decisions for their families and that financial ignorance conveys significant costs. It is concluded that countries should implement measures to support citizens’ training, in order to improve their financial literacy.
- ItemMultidisciplinary Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence and the Law(Springer, 2023-12) Antunes, Henrique Sousa; Freitas, Pedro Miguel; Oliveira, Arlindo; Pereira, Clara Martins; Sequeira, Elsa Vaz de; Xavier, Luís Barreto; Ribeiro, Beatriz A.; Coelho, Helder; Pereira, Ana Elisabete Farinha Ferreira e Dias; Branquinho, JoãoThis book is the outcome of a collaborative effort. Five years ago, research group “Law and Artificial Intelligence”—hosted by the Católica Research Centre for the Future of Law (Universidade Católica Portuguesa—UCP, Lisbon, Portugal) and led by Henrique Sousa Antunes (UCP) and Arlindo Oliveira (Instituto Superior Técnico—IST)—started an ongoing scientific dialogue among scholars with diverse backgrounds and interests: law, computer science, neurosciences, and ethics. Since then, AI has further increased its role as the main driver of the contemporary digital transformation. As it continues to grow into an omnipresent set of general-purpose technologies, new questions need addressing. Among them, there are many outstanding technical, societal, ethical, legal, and regulatory questions, but rather than trying to focus on just one set of queries, this book is an attempt at understanding a broad number of problems from a distinctive multidisciplinary lens. Some of the contributors to this book are members of the “Law and Artificial Intelligence” research group. Others are prominent researchers who have been invited to share their unique views on these topics. Others still have been selected to contribute to this project through a peer-review process, following a dedicated Call for Articles. Section I addresses “Scientific, technological and societal achievements in Artificial Intelligence,” but rather than gathering articles from a strictly engineering point of view, it approaches technical questions that also touch upon an array of societal, legal, and ethical issues. In Section II, “Ethical and legal challenges in Artificial Intelligence,” the authors highlight the multiple risks emerging from the deployment of AI and attempt to search for answers at the intersection of law and ethics. Finally, Section III, “The law, governance and regulation of Artificial Intelligence,” discusses solutions for regulating AI, with a particular focus on recent European Union initiatives in this field.
- ItemBetween Portugal and Brazil: dignified death, legislative evolution and future perspectives(International Journal of Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Education, 2024-11) Pereira, Ana Elisabete Farinha Ferreira e Dias; Braga, Thiago MelimThe purpose of this work is to verify how dignified death can be analyzed in the constitutional reality of Portugal and Brazil, aiming to delimit - contextually - each of the realities. In short, the question, duly problematized, is how the relationship between the two countries can contribute to the debate and development of the themes of euthanasia, orthothanasia and assisted suicide, as well as the decriminalization of the conduct typified in the legislation. To achieve this, the topic is introduced by analyzing dignified life and autonomy, seeking to understand whether for dignity in and of the "individual", we speak of technical-mechanical life or dignified life. It also aims to conceptualize what is meant by dignified death and its practices. The study also aims to verify the Portuguese legislative reality and, on the other hand, how criminalization of criminal types related to life and death occurs in Brazilian society, using legislative (in)evolution, identifying one of the main problems, which is the sacralization of life in contrast to secularity. It is therefore a descriptive and exploratory study of a bibliographical and documentary nature. The research provides and clarifies, through the bibliographic data obtained, the reality of the taboo when dealing with the subject of death, especially death considered and contextualized as dignified. It concludes that there is no absolute right, not even one dedicated to life, and that it is necessary to confront the issues related to dignified death - euthanasia, assisted suicide and orthothanasia - and that each of these issues should be analyzed based on a careful verification of elements or requirements, as well as through a dichotomy between different realities, as is the case in Portugal and Brazil, in order to promote debate and overcome issues such as the slippery slope.
- ItemMoralidade Humana, Moralidade Maquinal: a programming machine ethics como problema jurídico(Universidade Lusófona do Porto, 2021-02-08) Pereira, Ana Elisabete Farinha Ferreira e DiasO presente artigo principia com uma contextualização da decisão artificial e dos âmbitos de atuação de softwares e máquinas autónomas, considerando subjacente a necessidade de estabelecer padrões ético-jurídicos de programação. O problema fundamental do texto prende-se com a constatação da raiz biológica da moralidade humana e a (im)possibilidade de a mimetizar. Com efeito, um olhar antropológico profundo sobre a origem da compaixão e os processos de domesticação do homem pelo homem permitem constatar uma moralidade inata e um substrato também biológico da construção de padrões morais de conduta. Nesta senda, os processos de programação que acontecem num universo prostético e «in silico» estão longe de configurar uma autêntica programação valorativa. Tornar a decisão artificial mais adequada implicará formalizar o designado empoderamento ético e a motivação intrínseca dos autómatos, através de uma arquitetura ético-jurídica principialista.