Comunicações de Psicologia

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Percorrer Comunicações de Psicologia por assunto "Idosos - Elderly"

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    Hope and well-being in the elderly
    (European Psychiatric Association, 2014-03-01) Pessoa, Patrícia; Cunha, Marina; Daniel, Fernanda; Galhardo, Ana; Simões, Sónia; Espirito-Santo, Helena
    Introduction The concepts of well-being and hope are associated with life satisfaction. Public policies should include the promotion of quality of life in the elderly. Objectives The current study sought out to address the concepts of hope and well-being in the elderly, analysing the role of socio-demographic variables. It also aimed to characterize this population in terms of other quality of life indicators such as perception of general health status, loneliness and degree of activity. Method The sample included 130 elderly people, both from the community and institutionalized, with ages between 65 and 94 years old. Participants answered questions about socio-demographic data, quality of life indicators, cognitive functioning and measures of hope (HP; Snyder et al.; 1991), life satisfaction (SWLS; Diener et al, 1985), and positive and negative affect (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1998). Results The majority of participants perceived their health status as reasonable and mentioned feelings of loneliness. Only 20% considered themselves active. Men presented higher levels of hope when compared with women. Participants who were not institutionalized showed higher levels of hope and positive affect, considering themselves more active when compared to the ones living in nursing homes or attending day centres. Hope showed to be positively correlated with life satisfaction, positive affect, health status perception and degree of activity, and negatively correlated with negative affect. Negative affect showed to be correlated with the perception of loneliness. Conclusion This study enhances the importance of socio-demographic and psychological variables in the promotion of well-being in the elderly.
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    Social Networks of Elderly with Social Services Support Living in Two Different Areas of Portugal
    (SWSD 2012, 2012-07) Guadalupe, Sónia; Espirito-Santo, Helena; Daniel, Fernanda
    Focusing social support networks of the elderly, we present a study centered on the assessment of social resources, by analyzing differences between living in a coastal urban area, or in a rural inner region of Portugal. We had 176 participants, 119 elderly users of home care services in the municipality of Penamacor in an interior region of Portugal, and 57 elderly users of day care and residential care in the municipality of Coimbra in a littoral (coastal) region of the country. Their social resources were assessed by Americans Resources and Services Program (OARS). The participants are mostly over 80 years old (72%), 70% women, 63% widowed and 71% are illiterate. The main findings indicate that the network size is much bigger in the elderly of interior region with significant differences between the samples, but the numbers of visits and telephone calls these elderly do or receive are very similar. Curiously, the elderly of Penamacor tend to express that they feel alone sometimes and the most part of the elderly of Coimbra doesn’t express loneliness, as well as the last ones feel that have someone to help when they need and the first only sometimes have someone to help them. This probably happens because the social services settings are different. Older adults from Coimbra present better levels of social resources when compared with elderly from Penamacor. These last group present mostly severe limitations and the first ones present mostly good or low limitations, on the OARS classification scale. Both activate their contacts with the social network especially with sons and daughters or other family members. These results need further study to discuss possible asymmetries, inequalities and other differences. However, Social Work must reflect on these indicators to be able to promote a more equity access to social resources, and to increase an effective social support on the elderly social networks.